,! ,,n,nal ,,ag5da =! ,$uc,n ( ,*n & ,y|?s ) ,visual ,impair;ts1 ,9clud+ 
                       ,~? ) ,multiple ,4abilities                                     
                                 ,au?ors                                     
                             ,anne ,l4 ,corn                                     
                               ,phil ,hatl5                                     
                           ,ka?le5 ,m4 ,huebn}                                     
                               ,frank ,ryan                                     
                             ,m>y ,ann ,sill}                                     
                 ,memb}s (! ,n,nal ,ag5da ,/e}+ ,-mittee
  ,! ,n,nal ,ag5da =! ,$uc,n ( ,*n & ,y|?s ) ,visual ,impair;ts1 ,9clud+ 
,~? ) ,multiple ,4abilities is copy"r #aiie 0,,afb ,press1 ,am}ican ,f.d,n 
=! ,bl1 #aa ,p5n ,plaza1 ,suite #cjj1 ,new ,york1 ,,ny #ajjja4
  ,all "rs res}v$4 ,no "p ( ? "w may 2 reproduc$ or transmitt$ 9 any =m or 
0any m1ns1 electronic or me*anical1 9clud+ photocopy+ & record+1 or 0any 
9=m,n /orage or retrieval sy/em1 except z may 2 expressly p}mitt$ 0! #aigf 
,copy"r ,act1 or 9 writ+ f ! publi%}4 ,reque/s = p}mis.n %d 2 a4ress$ 9 
writ+ 6,,afb ,press1 ,am}ican ,f.d,n =! ,bl1 #aa ,p5n ,plaza1 ,suite #cjj1 
,new ,york1 ,,ny #ajjja4
  ,,isbn #j-hiabh-idb-i4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am}ica4
  ,! mis.n (! ,am}ican ,f.d,n =! ,bl 7,,afb7 is 65a# p}sons :o >e bl or 
visu,y impair$ 6a*ieve equal;y ( a3ess & opportun;y t w 5sure freedom ( 
*oice 9 _! lives4
                                     
                              ,ta# ( ,3t5ts

,=e~w .,judi? .,e4 .,heumann........................................;v
,:at ! ,n,nal ,ag5da ,m1ns = ,visu,y ,impair$ ,*n...................#a
,develop;t (! ,n,nal ,ag5da.........................................#c
,n,nal ,ag5da ,goal ,/ate;ts........................................#e
,import.e (! ,goal ,/ate;ts.........................................#f
,/rategies = ,a*iev+ ! ,goal ,/ate;ts..............................#ae
,a*ieve;t (! ,goal ,/ate;ts........................................#bd
,n,nal ,ag5da ,/e}+ ,-mittee.......................................#be
,n,nal ,ag5da ,advisory ,bo>d......................................#bf
,n,nal ,goal ,l1d}s................................................#bg
,5dorse;ts.........................................................#bi
                                     
                                  ,=e~w

  ..,! ,n,nal ,ag5da =! ,$uc,n ( ,*n & ,y|?s ) ,visual ,impair;ts1 ,9clud+ 
,~? ) ,multiple .,4abilities sets =? 9 cle> & 3cise t}ms a vi.n & plan ( 
ac;n =! future (! $uc,n ( *n :o >e bl or visu,y impair$1 z well z ~? :o h 
a4i;nal 4abilities4 ,9 ~! tumultu|s "ts1 9 : op9ions ab.d 3c}n+ ! be/ ways 
( imple;t+ re=m "?|t all levels ( |r $uc,nal sy/em1 a docu;t s* z ? %9es 
=? l a b1con1 e/abli%+ cle>-cut1 "tly1 & atta9a# goals t{>d : we all %d 
/rive4
  ,! ei<t goals1 : -prise ! he>t ( ? ,ag5da & >e set =? 9 ? docu;t1 
reit}ate 9 a simple yet ?or|< mann} ! v same 3cepts t >e at ! core ( |r 
ef=ts 6br+ ab la/+ & e6ective $uc,n re=m at ! ,u4,s4 ,de"p;t ( 
,$uc,n--5sur+ t ea* 9dividual /ud5t rcvs ! free & appropriate $uc,n 6: he 
or %e is 5titl$ "u ! law4
  ,al;g ) |r ef=ts1 s*ool 4tricts & /ates >.d ! n,n >e actively 5gag$ 9 
$uc,n re=m4 ,us+ |r ,goals #bjjj &! ,s*ool 6,"w 9itiatives 9 3c}t )! t5ets 
(! ,9dividuals ) ,4abilities ,$uc,n ,act 7,,idea7 z a frame"w = *ange1 
$ucators "?|t ! c.try >e promot+ -preh5sive /rategies = $uc,n re=m bas$ on 
hi< academic & o3up,nal /&>ds1 improv+ t1*+1 & /r5g!n+ family 9volve;t4 
,65sure t *n ) 4abilities b5efit f ~! re=m ef=ts1 |r exp}i;e has tau<t u t 
we %d /rive =a sy/em ( $uc,n t helps all *n1 9clud+ *n ) visual impair;ts1 
6le>n 6hi< /&>ds4
  ,we h le>n$ t |r re=m ef=ts %d 9clude #a7 *all5g+ /&>ds & align$ 
assess;ts = all *n2 #b7 -preh5sive /ate & local re=m plans2 #c7 hi<-qual;y 

profes.nal develop;t align$ 6! /&>ds2 #d7 -preh5sive te*nical assi/.e2 & 
#e7 :ole s*ool1 r ?an categorical1 re=m ef=ts4
  ,we 5vi.n an $uc,n sy/em t wd set hi<} expect,ns = all /ud5ts1 give all 
/ud5ts ! opportun;y 6le>n 6*all5g+ /&>ds1 & take responsibil;y & 2 a3.ta# 
=! su3ess ( all *n4 ,6! ext5t appropriate1 /ud5ts ) 4abilities wd h a3ess 
6! same curricula align$ )! /ate's 3t5t /&>ds t o!r /ud5ts >e rcvg &1 ) 
r1sona# a3ommod,ns1 2 9clud$ 9 /ate & local assess;ts4 ,! ne$s ( /ud5ts ) 
4abilities wd 2 3sid}$ z "p ( /ate & local plann+ = regul> $uc,n & n 
reg>d$ solely z special $uc,n's responsibil;y4 ,all t1*}s 7bo? regul> & 
special7 wd 2 tra9$ 6t1* 6hi< /&>ds4
  ,! goals set =? 9 ? public,n--: call = assess;ts 0tra9$ & -pet5t 
profes.nals1 qk ref}rals 6a full >ray ( appropriate s}vices1 appropriate 
pre-s}vice & in-s}vice tra9+ = profes.nals1 p>5tal 9volve;t1 & 
9dividualiz$ programm+--w help fuel ? re=m move;t = visu,y impair$ 
9dividuals 9 positive & m1n+;l ways4
  ,~! goals br+ tgr ! -b9$ k & be/ ?9k+ ( hundr$s ( p>5ts1 s}vice 
provid}s1 9dividuals ) visual impair;ts1 & family memb}s4 ,? -b9$ ef=t f 
s* a div}se & exp}t gr|p ( 9dividuals w help all ( u m1sure |rvs & |r 
progress ov} ! next five ye>s4 ,x is critical t we 3t9u,y evaluate |r 
ef=ts ) z m* objectiv;y z possi#1 2c we m/ d |r be/ 65sure t bl & visu,y 
impair$ *n >e giv5 e opportun;y af=d$ 6nondisa#d *n4 ,~! goals w help make 
t evalu,n happ5 9 r1l & 3crete ways acr ! c.try4
  ,z we move t{>d ! #ba/ c5tury1 |r society is *ang+ & gr{+ at an 
"e-9cr1s+ rate4 ,we m/ 5sure t |r *n c *ange & gr{ ) x s t !y >e n left 
2h1 b 9/1d fully "picipate 9 e aspect ( ma9/r1m societal life4 ,if ! *n ( 
td & tm >e 6su3e$ 9 ? way1 !n we m/ set hi< /&>ds = !m1 = |rvs1 &= |r 
programs4 ,we m/ expect *n 6le>n 6a hi< level ( -pet5cy1 s !y c -pete 
su3ess;lly & 3fid5tly 9 ! global #ba/ c5tury society t is fa/ approa*+4
  ,= |r "p1 we w 3t9ue 6"w ) all ( y--p>5ts1 visu,y impair$ p}sons1 
$ucators1 s*ool adm9i/rators1 & legislators--6br+ ab equal;y ( opportun;y 
9 $uc,n1 employ;t1 & -mun;y liv+4 ,we too %>e yr -mit;t & yr desire =! 
grte/ level ( su3ess |r *n c a*ieve4 ,ea* ( ~! ei<t goals1 ~! ei<t 
signpo/s & wat*~ws ( wisdom1 is a broad bru% /roke t w =m = u a picture ( 
equal;y & opportun;y4 ,tak5 tgr1 !y pa9t a picture (! future1 a future 
bas$ on 9cr1s$ positive |tcomes4 ,~! goals pa9t a picture (! future 9 : 
all *n1 reg>d.s ( _! 4abil;y1 c a*ieve 6_! hi<e/ pot5tial1 2c !y h be5 
giv5 e opportun;y & aid we c br+ 6be> &a future 9 : profes.nals >e held 
a3.ta# = do+ ! job ! law 9t5ds = !m 6d4 ,~! goals /& z a hallm>k ( :at we 
want = |r *n1 2c !y >e ! same ?+s we want = |rvs4 ,we c expect no less4

,judi? ,e4 ,heumann
,assi/ant ,secret>y1 ,u4,s4 ,de"p;t ( ,$uc,n
,(fice ( ,special ,$uc,n & ,rehabilitative ,s}vices
                                     
            ,:at ! ,n,nal ,ag5da ,m1ns = ,visu,y ,impair$ ,*n

  ,visu,y impair$ /ud5ts >e 9fants1 to4l}s1 *n1 & y|?s :o exp}i;e 
impair;ts (! eye & visual sy/em t a6ect _! abil;y 6le>n4 ,!y may 2 tot,y 
bl or !y may h visual di6iculties 9 s* activities z see+ ! pr9t 9 ! 
textbooks or on ! *alkbo>d1 see+ all >1s (! typical visual field1 or see+ 
5 detail 69t}pret ! objects 9 _! 5viron;t4
  ,visu,y impair$ /ud5ts h unique $uc,nal ne$s4 ,"? ! s5se ( si<t1 m* ( 
:at is g5},y ref}r$ 6z k is rcvd & process$4 ,*n :o >e visu,y impair$1 
"!=e1 ne$ 6le>n 6acquire k 9 alt}native ways4 ,le>n+ ! nec -p5satory 
skills & adaptive te*niques--s* z us+ brl or optical devices = writt5 
-munic,n--requires specializ$ 9/ruc;n f t1*}s & p>5ts :o h exp}tise 9 
a4ress+ 4abil;y-specific ne$s4 ,"s (! o!r >1s uniquely a6ect$ 0impair$ 
vi.n >e 3cept develop;t1 or ! abil;y 6"u/& ! rel,n%ips 2t & func;ns ( 
objects & ab/ract id1s2 s5sory-motor activities1 or ! abil;y 6coord9ate 
vi.n1 he>+1 & o!r s5ses ) physical ac;ns2 socializ,n2 & c>e} or voc,nal 
prep>,n4

  ,al? _m s*ool programs >e provid+ ! specializ$ 9/ruc;n t visu,y impair$ 
/ud5ts ne$ 9 a4i;n 6_! academic 9/ruc;n1 "! is m* room = improve;t4 ,too 
_m visu,y impair$ hi< s*ool /ud5ts graduate )|t hav+ ma/}$ ! tools = hi<} 
$uc,n or economic survival4 ,o!rs1 = :om a /&>d hi< s*ool diploma may n 2 
a*ieva#1 lack ! func;nal skills ess5tial = m1n+;l "picip,n 9 adult 
society4 ,6a4ress ! -pon5ts ( $uc,n = visu,y impair$ *n t >e mo/ 9 ne$ ( 
improve;t & 6provide goals & /rategies = e6ect+ ! ne$$ *anges1 ..,! ,n,nal 
,ag5da =! ,$uc,n ( ,*n & ,y|?s ) ,visual ,impair;ts1 ,9clud+ ,~? ) 
,multiple .,4abilities 0 cr1t$4
  ,? ,n,nal ,ag5da repres5ts a broad 3s5sus ( h{ $uc,nal programs m/ *ange 
6meet ! ne$s ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts4 ,-mit;t 6a*ieve ea* (! ei<t 
goals 0! ye> #bjjj has -e f ! full range ( 9dividuals 9volv$ 9 ! $uc,nal 
s}vice deliv}y sy/em1 9clud+ 9dividuals ) visual impair;ts1 p>5ts1 
$ucators1 & profes.nals responsi# = program adm9i/r,n & p}sonnel prep>,n4 
,once a*iev$1 x is anticipat$ ! ,n,nal ,ag5da w improve ov}all $uc,nal 
s}vices s t t1*}s & /ud5ts w h ! tools !y ne$ 6improve t1*+ & le>n+4 
,"pn}%ips w 2 /r5g!n$ am;g univ}s;y tra9+ programs1 s*ool adm9i/rators1 
$ucators & p>5ts4 ,ref}ral & assess;t proc$ures w 2 5h.ed 65sure t all 
/ud5ts ) visual impair;ts >e le>n+ :at !y ne$ 6"k 6su3e$4
  ,! goals 9 ? docu;t >e m1nt 6be r1li/ic4 ,!y >e .a*ieva# & .m/ .2 
.a*iev$ if visu,y impair$ /ud5ts >e 6meet ! *all5ges (! #ba/ c5tury & l1d 
satisfy+1 productive lives4
                                     
                       ,develop;t (! ,n,nal ,ag5da

  ,foll{+ 9=mal 4cus.ns reg>d+ ! ne$ = *anges 9 $uc,nal s}vices = visu,y 
impair$ /ud5ts1 a small gr|p ( profes.nals volunte}$ 69itiate ! project ( 
cr1t+ a ,n,nal ,ag5da4 ,f t small 2g9n+1 ..,! ,n,nal ,ag5da =! ,$uc,n ( 
,*n & ,y|?s ) ,visual ,impair;ts1 ,9clud+ ,~? ) ,multiple .,4abilities 
grew 96a collaborative1 n,nal ef=t4 ,! ag5da-develop;t /e}+ -mittee f/ 
assem#d subcommittees l$ 0repres5tatives f p>5ts' gr|ps1 specializ$ s*ools 
= *n ) visual impair;ts1 private ag5cies s}v+ visu,y impair$ *n & _! 
families1 univ}s;y programs = tra9+ t1*}s ( visu,y impair$ /ud5ts1 & /ate 
de"p;ts ( $uc,n4 ,! subcommittees develop$ #ai goal /ate;ts1 : 7 !n mail$ 
6?|s&s ( t1*}s ( visu,y impair$ /ud5ts & o!r relat$ profes.nals1 p>5ts ( 
*n ) visual impair;ts1 & 9dividuals :o >e visu,y impair$4 ,recipi5ts 7 
ask$ 6duplicate & 4tribute copies 6o!r 9t}e/$ p}sons4 ,ea* p}son 0 ask$ 
6rate ! likelihood (a goal /ate;t's 2+ a*iev$ 0! ye> #bjjj & xs impact on 
! $uc,n ( *n ) pot5tial = visual impair;ts4 ,! ag5da-develop;t /e}+ 
-mittee us$ ~! responses 6cr1te ! likelihood-impact database4 ,af m* 
4cus.n1 fur!r 4sem9,n1 & 9t5se evalu,n1 ! -mittee 3d5s$ ~! items 96! ei<t 
goal /ate;ts t -prise ! ,n,nal ,ag5da4
  ,! next /ep 0 6id5tify /rategies & s|rces ( support = a*iev+ ! goals4 
,6obta9 support1 organiz,ns "?|t ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 s5t copies (! goal 
/ate;ts4 ,a li/ (! organiz,ns t h 5dors$ ! ,n,nal ,ag5da is pr9t$ at ! 5d 
( ? docu;t4 ,6c>ry | ! five-ye> project ( a*iev+ ! goals1 an ,advisory 
,bo>d 0 develop$ & ei<t ,n,nal ,goal ,l1d}s 7,,ngl's7 7 id5tifi$4 ,memb}s 
(! ,advisory ,bo>d &! ei<t ,,ngl's >e li/$ lat} 9 ? docu;t4 ,ea* n,nal 
goal l1d} is a major organiz,n 9 ! field ( visual 4abil;y t has -mitt$ xf 
6help+ ! n,n a*ieve "o (! ei<t goals4 ,ea* ye> ! organiz,ns w report 6! 
n,n #[`p]#on progress t{>d r1*+ _! goals4 ,at ! #aiie ,joseph9e ,l4 
,taylor ,l1d}%ip ,9/itute1 ab #ajj $ucators1 p>5ts & o!rs met 6recomm5d 
/rategies 0: ! ,n,nal ,goal ,l1d}s &! n,n's $ucators & p>5ts cd a*ieve ! 
,ag5da's goals4
                                     
                       ,n,nal ,ag5da ,goal ,/ate;ts

  ,all ! foll{+ goal /ate;ts apply 69fants1 to4l}s1 *n1 & y|?s :o >e 
visu,y impair$1 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities3

#a4 ,/ud5ts & _! families w 2 ref}r$ 6an appropriate $uc,n program )9 
  

  #cj "ds ( id5tific,n (a suspect$ visual impair;t4
#b4 ,policies & proc$ures w 2 imple;t$ 65sure ! "r ( all p>5ts 6full 
  "picip,n & equal "pn}%ip 9 ! $uc,n process4
#c4 ,univ}sities1 )a m9imum ( "o full-"t faculty memb} 9 ! >ea ( visual 
  impair;t1 w prep>e a su6ici5t numb} ( $ucators ( /ud5ts ) visual 
  impair;ts 6meet p}sonnel ne$s "?|t ! c.try4
#d4 ,s}vice provid}s w det}m9e caseloads bas$ on ! ne$s ( /ud5ts & w 
  require ongo+ profes.nal develop;t = all t1*}s & ori5t,n & mobil;y 
  9/ructors4
#e4 ,local $uc,n programs w 5sure t all /ud5ts h a3ess 6a full >ray ( 
  place;t op;ns4
#f4 ,assess;t ( /ud5ts w 2 3duct$1 9 collabor,n ) p>5ts1 0p}sonnel hav+ 
  exp}tise 9 ! $uc,n ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts4
#g4 ,a3ess 6develop;tal & $uc,nal s}vices w 9clude an assur.e t 
  9/ruc;nal mat}ials >e availa# 6/ud5ts 9 ! appropriate m$ia & at ! same 
  "t z _! si<t$ pe}s4
#h4 ,$uc,nal & develop;tal goals1 9clud+ 9/ruc;n1 w reflect ! assess$ 
  ne$s ( ea* /ud5t 9 all >1s ( academic & 4abil;y-specific core curricula4
                                     
                       ,import.e (! ,goal ,/ate;ts

  ,! profes.n ( $uc,n ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts has "s *ronic pro#ms t 
require 3c}t$1 imm att5;n4 ,~! pro#ms >e ! driv+ =ce 2h ! ne$ =a ,n,nal 
,ag5da =! ,$uc,n ( ,*n & ,y|?s ) ,visual ,impair;ts1 ,9clud+ ,~? ) 
,multiple ,4abilities4 ,! foll{+ sec;n1 0(f}+ evid;e & examples (! ext5t 
(! pro#ms t ne$ 6be a4ress$1 expla9s :y ea* (! ,ag5da's goals >e s 
critical4

,ref}ral
,goal ,/ate;t #a3 ,/ud5ts & _! families w 2 ref}r$ 6an appropriate $uc,n 
  program )9 #cj "ds ( id5tific,n (a suspect$ visual impair;t4

  ,develop;tal & $uc,nal s}vices = *n ) visual impair;ts & _! families >e 
mo/ e6ective :5 !y c 2 made availa# %ortly af diagnosis (a suspect$ visual 
impair;t4 ,ev5 ?|< bett} 9=m$ p>5ts & m$ical profes.nals & ef=ts f ! t1*}s 
( visu,y impair$ /ud5ts h dramatic,y decr1s$ ! am.t ( "t 2t diagnosis & 
$uc,nal ref}ral = _m *n1 "! >e / f> too _m excep;ns 6"tly ref}ral4 ,"s 
memb}s (! m$ical profes.n 2lieve t1 until ! gov}n;t requires !m 6report 
4abil;y 9 9fants & pres*ool}s 6a c5tral ag5cy1 "! w 3t9ue 6be a delay 9 
ref}ral4 ,h{"e1 _m profes.nals 9 ! m$ical & $uc,nal -munities z well z _m 
p>5ts 2lieve t m&atory report+ is an 9va.n ( privacy4
  ,al? "! seems 6be no cle> answ}s 6! issue ( "tly ref}ral1 ! ne$s ( 
*n`__"picul>ly 9fants & pres*ool}s`__& _! families1 dem& t ! $uc,nal & 
m$ical -munities develop a sy/em t 5sures *n & _! families a3ess 69=m,n ab 
$uc,nal s}vices 9 a "tly mann}4 ,2c ! m$ical diagnosis (a visual impair;t 
w h an impact on le>n+1 e>ly ref}rals = special $uc,n s}vices >e imp}ative 
=! ov}all develop;t ( "y *n4

,p>5t ,"picip,n
,goal ,/ate;t #b3 ,policies & proc$ures w 2 imple;t$ 65sure ! "r ( all 
  p>5ts 6full "picip,n & equal "pn}%ip 9 ! $uc,n process4

  ,! ,9dividuals ) ,4abilities ,$uc,n ,act 7,,idea7 & xs pr$ecessor1 
,public ,law #id-adb1 ! ,$uc,n = ,all ,h&icapp$ ,*n ,act1 gu>antee p>5ts ! 
"r 6full & equal "picip,n 9 ! $uc,n ( _! *n4 ,_m profes.nals 9volv$ 9 ! 
$uc,n ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts _h recogniz$ ! necess;y ( =m+ "pn}%ips ) 
p>5ts l;g 2f ! passage ( ,public ,law #id-adb4 ,! fact t no "o "ks a * 
bett} ?an t *'s family has guid$ ! $uc,nal plans = /ud5ts ) visual 
impair;ts = _m ye>s4 ,! law n{ requires full "picip,n & equal "pn}%ip 9 
$uc,nal s}vices = p>5ts4
  ,! issue ( p>5t "picip,n & "pn}%ip is n only a matt} ( ac;n2 x is p}h 

ev5 m a matt} ( attitude4 ,old 3cepts ( p>5tal 9volve;t 9 $uc,nal 5d1vors 
>e di6icult 6put aside4 ,"! >e $ucators :o / may 2lieve !y lose "s /atus 
0ac"kl$g+ ! exp}tise & 9ve/;t ( p>5ts reg>d+ ! $uc,n ( _! *n4
  ,x is "t = p>5ts & $ucators 6jo9 9 a -mon purpose1 "nly1 ! jo9tly %>$ 
responsibil;y = a*iev+ $uc,nal excell;e 9 |r s*ools4 ,:5 $ucators 
appreciate & ac"kl$ge ! vital role & 9put ( p>5ts1 & :5 p>5ts >e assur$ 
equal "picip,n ) t1*}s 9 $uc,nal plann+1 !n1 & only !n1 w /ud5ts rcv ! 
grte/ b5efits t le>n+ has 6(f}4

,p}sonnel ,prep>,n
,goal ,/ate;t #c3 ,univ}sities1 )a m9imum ( "o full-"t faculty memb} 9 ! 
  >ea ( visual impair;t1 w prep>e a su6ici5t numb} ( $ucators ( /ud5ts ) 
  visual impair;ts 6meet p}sonnel ne$s "?|t ! c.try4

  ,"! has n"e be5 a "t 9 ! rec5t hi/ory (! $uc,n ( visu,y impair$ /ud5ts 
:5 "! 7 5 specializ$ t1*}s to meet /ud5ts' ne$s4 ,univ}sities h1 s9ce ! 
#aiej's1 be5 urg$ 6prep>e m t1*}s & seek new & 9novative ways ( recruit+ 
/ud5ts & deliv}+ c|rses4 ,f ! e>ly #aifj's until ! e>ly l#ihj's1 f$}al 
funds provid$ opportunities 62g9 _m new univ}s;y p}sonnel prep>,n programs 
& 6(f} f9ancial assi/.e 6/ud5ts4 ,z f$}al funds 2came m -petitive & less 
availa#1 h{"e1 "s univ}sities 4mantl$ p}sonnel prep>,n programs 9 ! >ea ( 
visual impair;t4 ,9 "s 9/.es1 faculty 7 employ$ ) f$}al grant m"oy1 b :5 ! 
funds 7 no l;g} availa#1 ! univ}s;y elim9at$ ! faculty posi;n4 ,9 o!r 
cases1 recruit;t 2came 9cr1s+ly di6icult :5 f9ancial support = /ud5ts 0 no 
l;g} availa#1 & univ}s;y programs clos$ 2c ( l{ /ud5t 5roll;t4
  ,s"eal important lessons h be5 le>n$ ab univ}s;y programs 9 rec5t ye>s4 
,f/1 at l1/ "o full-"t faculty memb} ) exp}i;e & exp}tise 9 ! $uc,n ( *n ) 
visual impair;ts1 or ori5t,n & mobil;y1 or bo?1 is ne$$ if a univ}s;y is 
6(f} a -preh5sive program ( t1*} prep>,n4 ,second1 ? faculty memb} m/ 2 9 
a t5ure-track posi;n4 ,?ird1 ! program m/ 2 giv5 ! flexibil;y 6provide 
le>n+ opportunities 9 cr1tive ways4 ,f|r?1 ! univ}s;y m/ support l{ 
preval;e programs & recognize t size ( 5roll;t _c 2 ! det}m9+ factor z 
6:e!r or n a class is (f}$4
  ,2c (! _m require;ts j describ$1 bold & cr1tive ef=ts m/ 2 =?com+ ) 
reg>d 6! mann} 9 : t1*}s >e prep>$4 ,! *all5ge is 6prep>e a su6ici5t numb} 
( $ucators s t all *n :o >e visu,y impair$1 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 
4abilities1 w h ! $uc,nal s}vices !y ne$4 ,meet+ ? *all5ge w require t 
skill$ & "kl$gea# t1*}s m/ 2 availa# 6"w 9 rural >1s z well z 9 ! 9n} 
cities1 & t ~! t1*}s m/ h ! skills 6provide 9/ruc;n = an e?nic,y & 
cultur,y div}se gr|p ( *n4 ,x al m1ns t t1*}s m/ le>n 6su3ess;lly coop}ate 
) o!r t1m memb}s s t ! visu,y impair$ *n :o 3front ! mo/ $uc,nal *all5ges 
rcv appropriate 9/ruc;n4 ,&1 x m1ns t exi/+ p}sonnel prep>,n programs 9 
univ}sities m/ at l1/ d|# ! numb} ( t1*}s tra9$ )9 ! next five ye>s4

,provi.n ( ,$uc,nal ,s}vices
,goal ,/ate;t #d3 ,s}vice provid}s w det}m9e caseloads bas$ on ! ne$s ( 
  /ud5ts & w require ongo+ profes.nal develop;t = all t1*}s & ori5t,n & 
  mobil;y 9/ructors4

  ,9 rec5t ye>s1 "! has be5 a move;t t{>d m}g+ programs = $ucat+ *n )a 
wide v>iety ( 4abilities4 ,9 s* programs1 visu,y impair$ /ud5ts >e n 
provid$ ) t1*}s :o h ! 4abil;y-specific exp}tise 6t1* ! adaptive & 
-p5satory skills t visu,y impair$ *n ne$ 6su3e$ 9 s*ool4 ,ref};e 6specific 
4abilities has 2gun 6be tak5 | ( /ate legisl,n1 l1v+ no m1ns 0: 4t9c;ns cd 
2 made reg>d+ ! nec frequ5cy & dur,n ( specializ$ s}vices4
  ,z a result ( realloc,ns ( special $uc,n fund+1 9 "s situ,ns1 ? provid$ 
local s*ool 4tricts )! opportun;y 69cr1se sub/anti,y ! caseloads ( t1*}s ( 
/ud5ts ) visual impair;ts4 ,_m visu,y impair$ /ud5ts >e 9tegrat$ 96regul> 
classrooms1 &a l>ge numb} ( ~! /ud5ts rcv _! 4abil;y-specific 9/ruc;n f 
it9}ant t1*}s :o visit *n 9 _! home s*ools4 ,~! t1*}s >e (t5 responsi# = 
provid+ 9dividual 9/ruc;n 6visu,y impair$ *n acr an extremely l>ge 

geographic >ea4 ,9 "s sec;ns (! c.try1 it9}ant t1*}s h caseloads ( #ej or 
m1 : m1ns t _m /ud5ts rcv 9su6ici5t 9/ruc;n4
  ,= /ud5ts 6graduate )! skills !y ne$1 caseloads m/ 2 det}m9$ 0ne$s ( 
/ud5ts1 n 0economic 3/ra9ts or a lack ( "u/&+ on ! "p ( adm9i/rators 
reg>d+ ! "t ne$$ = specific 9/ruc;n4 ,mo/ $ucators wd agree t a caseload ( 
m ?an #ae is n appropriate1 2c at l1/ "s ( ~? /ud5ts w h 9t5sive ne$s4 ,( 
c|rse1 ! geographic spr1d (! /ud5ts w al a6ect ! size ( an appropriate 
caseload4
  ,n,nal ,ag5da goal >ea #h a4resses a core curriculum = visu,y impair$ 
/ud5ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities : 9cludes academic 3t5t >1s z well 
z -p5satory skills relat$ 6visual impair;t4 ,z ! profes.n (! $uc,n ( 
visu,y impair$ *n 2comes m -mitt$ 6provid+ 9/ruc;n 9 all >1s (! core 
curriculum1 t1*}s w 4cov} !y ne$ 6sp5d m "t ) _! /ud5ts 6meet all _! ne$s4 
,9 a4i;n1 z ! profes.n 2comes m "kl$gea# (! $uc,nal ne$s ( /ud5ts ) l{ 
vi.n1 x 2comes cle> t x is n a3urate 6make deci.ns reg>d+ caseloads solely 
on ! basis (! sev};y ( visual impair;t4 ,_m *n ) l{ vi.n h 9t5sive 
9/ruc;nal ne$s : >e ! responsibil;y (! t1*} = /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts4 
,9=m$ s*ool adm9i/rators w respond 6! ne$s ( *n :o >e visu,y impair$ 
0provid+ specializ$ 9/ruc;n on ! basis (! 9dividual ne$s ( *n4
  ,! k base reg>d+ $uc,nal programm+ = /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 3t9u,y 
gr{s & exp&s4 ,un.s profes.nal develop;t is 5c|rag$1 or ev5 requir$1 ! 
t1*} :o 0 univ}s;y prep>$ five ye>s ago is 9 ne$ ( a4i;nal k & skills td4 
,skills 9 >1s s* z func;nal l{ vi.n assess;t1 le>n+ m$ia assess;t1 
utiliz,n ( l{ vi.n devices1 9/ruc;n 9 r1d+ & writ+ brl1 use ( te*nology1 & 
9/ruc;n 9 us+ graphic designs h all g"o "? rec5t 9nov,ns4 ,local 4tricts1 
specializ$ s*ools1 & /ate de"p;ts ( $uc,n h a profes.nal responsibil;y 
6require & support t1*}s 9 rema9+ up 6date 9 _! skills & k & 6facilitate 
9s}vice tra9+ opportunities4

,>ray ( ,s}vices
,goal ,/ate;t #e3 ,local $uc,n programs w 5sure t all /ud5ts h a3ess 6a 
  full >ray ( place;t op;ns4

  ,$ucators ( visu,y impair$ *n s}ve an extremely het}og5e|s popul,n ( 
/ud5ts4 ,wide v>i,ns exi/ reg>d+ s* factors z ! type & degree ( visual 
impair;t1 ! pres;e ( a4i;nal 4abilities1 ! "t at : ! visual impair;t 
o3urr$1 ! urban or rural 5viron;t 9 : ! * lives1 &! res|rces (! *'s s*ool 
4trict4
  ,s*ool 4tricts _c meet ! $uc,nal ne$s ( ? het}og5e|s popul,n ) only "o 
or two place;t op;ns4 ,$ucators ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts pione}$ 
9clusive $uc,n1 plac+ *n ) visual impair;ts 9 regul> classrooms a c5tury 
2f |r coll1gues 9 special $uc,n 2gan ! curr5t 8full 9clu.n0 move;t1 : 
calls = *n ) 4abilities 6be $ucat$ 9 regul> classrooms2 "s $ucators :o 
advocate = full 9clu.n want 6elim9ate all o!r place;t op;ns4 ,pione}+ 
ef=ts 9 ! $uc,n ( visu,y impair$ /ud5ts result$ 9 "s important lessons1 
am;g !m ! r1liz,n t a full >ray ( place;t op;ns is nec 6meet ! 9dividual 
$uc,nal ne$s ( all /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts4 ,? >ray 9cludes1 b is n 
limit$ to1 s* op;ns z specializ$ s*ools1 res|rce room programs1 & regul> 
$uc,n place;t ) it9}ant s}vices4
  ,f$}al law requires an >ray ( place;t op;ns = /ud5ts ) 4abilities4 ,b 
ev5 m important ?an ? require;t >e ! 3clu.ns1 bas$ on exp}i;e & $uc,nal 
exp}tise1 t ! *ang+ & div}se ne$s ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts require an 
>ray ( place;t op;ns4

,assess;t
,goal ,/ate;t #f3 ,assess;t ( /ud5ts w 2 3duct$1 9 collabor,n ) p>5ts1 
  0p}sonnel hav+ exp}tise 9 ! $uc,n ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts4

  ,c>e;l & -preh5sive assess;ts ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts >e ess5tial if 
9/ruc;nal programs >e 6meet 9dividual ne$s4 ,hi/oric,y1 s*ool psy*ologi/s 
or $uc,nal diagno/icians 7 assign$ ! task ( assess+ all /ud5ts ) 

4abilities4 ,? approa* has (t5 result$ 9 9complete or 9a3urate assess;ts4
  ,( "picul> import.e is t assess;ts 2 -preh5sive4 ,2c !y h unique 
extra-academic ne$s 6le>n adaptive skills 6-p5sate = _! visual impair;t1 
assess;ts t m1sure only academic skills >e n appropriate = /ud5ts ) visual 
impair;ts4 ,! assess;t t 3si/s ( only academics & func;nal l{ vi.n is 
likewise n a3epta#1 2c o!r factors1 s* z emo;nal r1di;s1 9dep5d;e1 
alt}native -munic,n modes & adaptive skills1 m/ al 2 3sid}$4 ,all >1s (! 
core curriculum = /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts m/ 2 assess$4 ,only :5 all 
9=m,n 3c}n+ all >1s (! core curriculum is availa# c responsi#1 "kl$gea# 
deci.ns reg>d+ a *'s $uc,nal program take place4
  ,qual;y assess;ts require t ! profes.nal 3duct+ or or*e/rat+ ! assess;t 
2 "s"o )a hi< level ( exp}tise 9 ! e6ects ( visual impair;t on le>n+4 ,? 
profes.nal w mo/ (t5 2 ! t1*} ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts or ! ori5t,n & 
mobil;y 9/ructor4

,a3ess 6,9/ruc;nal ,mat}ials
,goal ,/ate;t #g3 ,a3ess 6develop;tal & $uc,nal s}vices w 9clude an 
  assur.e t 9/ruc;nal mat}ials >e availa# 6/ud5ts 9 ! appropriate m$ia & 
  at ! same "t z _! si<t$ pe}s4

  ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( plac+ /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9 regul> classrooms1 "o 
(! phrases (t5 he>d 0 8! "r book 9 ! "r m$ia at ! "r "t40 ,? /ate;t is 
true td4 ,rcvg brl texts s"eal mon?s late c make a pot5ti,y appropriate 
place;t 96an 9appropriate "o4 ,ev5 2f ! adv5t ( -put}-g5}at$ brl1 optical 
devices1 & adv.ed te*niques = produc+ l>ge pr9t1 "tly deliv}y ( 
appropriate texts 0 a*ieva# ) 3c}t$ ef=t4 ,:5 new te*nologies = produc+ 
brl & l>ge pr9t 2came availa#1 x seem$ t "tly deliv}y ( 9/ruc;nal mat}ials 
wd no l;g} 2 a pro#m4 ,h{"e1 ? is n ! case4 ,_m /ud5ts / d n rcv ! 
appropriate 9/ruc;nal mat}ials at ! same "t z _! si<t$ classmates4 ,)! 
te*nology availa# td1 "! is no valid excuse = ? delay4
  ,sy/ems m/ 2 develop$ 6elim9ate delays 9 ea* *'s rcvg ! 9/ruc;nal 
mat}ials ne$$ 6a3ess ! same le>n+ opportunities z si<t$ pe}s4 ,a3essibil;y 
6equal $uc,n1 z m&at$ 0! ,am}icans ) ,4abilities ,act 7,,ada71 m/ 9clude 
imm & equal a3ess 6appropriate tools = le>n+4

,core ,curriculum
,goal ,/ate;t #h3 ,$uc,nal & develop;tal goals1 9clud+ 9/ruc;n1 w 
  reflect ! assess$ ne$s ( ea* /ud5t 9 all >1s ( academic & 
  4abil;y-specific core curricula4

  ,m* is "kn ab ! 4abil;y-specific ne$s ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts4 
,2g9n+ ) anecdotal data ga!r$ on hi< s*ool graduates1 x 2came app>5t t ! 
$uc,nal ne$s ( /ud5ts ext5d f> 2y academic le>n+4 ,! f/ 4abil;y-specific 
ne$ 6be isolat$1 describ$1 & (f}$ z a s*ool subject 9 public s*ools 0 
9/ruc;n 9 ori5t,n & mobil;y 73cepts & skills ne$$ 6travel safely & 
9dep5d5tly74 ,x 0 recogniz$ t = mo/ *n ) normal vi.n1 ! abil;y 6travel 
safely &) ease 9 ! 5viron;t 0 le>n$ 9 a casual1 unconsci|s1 & natural 
mann}4 ,visu,y impair$ *n cd al travel safely &) ease1 b !y ne$$ c>e;l1 
sy/ematic 9/ruc;n 6a3ompli% ?4
  ,o!r 4abil;y-specific >1s ( ne$ h be5 id5tifi$4 ,"! >e a v>iety ( li/s t 
describe !m4 ,al? ! numb} ( ne$s &! ~ws us$ 6def9e !m may v>y1 "! is g5}al 
agree;t reg>d+ ! 3t5t ( ~? ne$s4 ,9 _m cases1 ! t}m 84abil;y-specific 
ne$s0 has be5 *ang$4 ,9 _m /ates1 8core curriculum0 ref}s 6! body ( k t a 
/ud5t is requir$ 6ma/} 2f hi< s*ool gradu,n4
  ,= s"eal ye>s profes.nals h 4cuss$ ! 3cept (a 8core curriculum0 = /ud5ts 
) visual impair;ts4 ,local s*ool 4tricts & specializ$ s*ools : h 
demon/rat$ models ( 8be/ practice0 h 9clud$ s* a core 9 _! programs4 ,!y h 
r1liz$ t 6be su3ess;l z visu,y impair$ *n & lat} z adults1 a specific body 
( k & skills m/ 2 le>n$4 ,pres5tly1 we c >ticulate :at ! core curriculum 
3ta9s4 ,z we fur!r |r "u/&+ ( h{ visual impair;ts impact on le>n+1 we al 
"k t ! core w evolve & *ange4

  ,! core curriculum = /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 3si/s ( two "ps4 ,! f/ 
p>allels t : is provid$ 6si<t$ pe}s4 ,pre-le>n+1 s* z develop+ an "u/&+ ( 
visual 3cepts 9volv$ 9 a giv5 lesson1 & adapt,ns1 s* z alt}+ ! lesson 
6provide a3ess 0! visu,y impair$ /ud5t1 >e (t5 nec :5 pres5t+ academic 
9/ruc;n requir$ ( all /ud5ts4 ,m* (! pre-le>n+ & adapt,ns c & %d o3ur 9 ! 
regul> classroom4 ,9 s* a way1 ! /ud5t )a visual impair;t rcvg $uc,n at a 
local s*ool c exp}i;e su3ess 9 an 9clusive sett+4 ,= /ud5ts 9 specializ$ 
s*ools1 ~! "ps (! core curriculum may take place at ! specializ$ s*ool or 
"? a coop}ative >range;t )a local s*ool 9 ! -mun;y4
  ,! second "p (! core curriculum a4resses ! unique1 specializ$ ne$s ( 
visu,y impair$ le>n}s4 ,~! ne$s >e directly relat$ 6! visual impair;t &1 
"!=e1 >e n %>$ 0si<t$ pe}s4 ,? "p (! curriculum is expect$ 6be tau<t 0a 
t1*} ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts4 ,? specializ$ "p (! core 9cludes1 b may 
n 2 limit$ 6! foll{+3

--,comp5satory ,skills1 s* z ,-munic,n ,modes1
--,ori5t,n & ,mobil;y1
--,social ,9t}ac;n ,skills1
--,9dep5d5t ,liv+ ,skills1
--,recre,n & ,leisure ,skills1
--,c>e} ,$uc,n1
--,use ( ,assi/ive ,te*nology1
--,visual ,e6ici5cy ,skills4

  ,! /ud5t )a visual impair;t w ne$ 6be assess$ 9 all >1s (! core 
curriculum1 & deci.ns w h 6be made reg>d+ ! ne$ = 9/ruc;n 9 ea* >ea4 ,= 
9/ruc;n 9 ~? core curriculum >1s det}m9$ 6be ne$$ 0an 9dividual /ud5t1 "t 
m/ 2 allocat$1 & frequ5cy & dur,n ( 9/ruc;n m/ 2 det}m9$4
  ,only :5 ! goals & 9/ruc;n fully reflect ! assess$ ne$s 9 all >1s (! 
core curriculum = ea* /ud5t w $ucators ( visu,y impair$ *n 2 a# 6meet _! 
9/ruc;nal oblig,ns 6all *n ) visual impair;ts4
                                     
                  ,/rategies ,= ,a*iev+ ! ,goal ,/ate;ts

  ,goal #a
  ,/ud5ts & _! families w 2 ref}r$ 6an appropriate $uc,n program )9 #cj 
"ds ( id5tific,n (a suspect$ visual impair;t4

,recomm5d$ ,,n,nal ,/rategies
#a4 ,id5tify exi/+ fact %eets & o!r mat}ials describ+ visual impair;ts 
    9 *n & y|?s & 9corporate !m 96a s+le docu;t : a4resses3
--,obs}va# signs ( visual impair;ts 9 *n1
--,recomm5d$ proc$ures = ref}ral 6appropriate s}vices1
--,guidel9es = develop+ "w+ rel,n%ips am;g families1 $ucators1 relat$ 
  s}vice provid}s & m$ical & h1l? c>e profes.nals1
--,su7es;ns = 5c|rag+ h1l? c>e manage;t organiz,ns 69clude ~! mat}ials 
  9 _! public $uc,n mat}ials4
#b4 ,id5tify memb}s (! ,n,nal ,associ,n = ,p>5ts (! ,visu,y ,impair$ 
  7,,napvi7 or o!r p>5t organiz,ns )9 ea* /ate a# 6s}ve z 3tact p}sons & 
  6provide ref}ral 9=m,n s* z is del91t$ 9 ,/rategy #a abv4
#c4 ,"w ) profes.nal organiz,ns 65sure t _! memb}s h ! nec k 6s}ve z 
  advocates = e>ly ref}ral ( *n ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 
  4abilities4 ,organiz,ns %d 9clude b n 2 limit$ 6~? ~: memb}s 9clude3
--,eye c>e speciali/s1
--,neo-natologi/s1
--,regul> $uc,n z well z special $uc,n p}sonnel4
,recomm5d$ ,,regional1 ,,/ate &/or ,,local ,/rategies
#a4 ,"w ) ,p>5t-,t1*} ,associ,ns 7,,pta's71 "d c>e & ,h1d ,/>t c5t}s1 
  public s}vice organiz,ns & o!rs to3
--,4sem9ate mat}ials reg>d+ visual impair;ts & ref}ral proc$ures 
  9clud+ res|rces = /ate & local 3tacts1

--,provide eye c>e profes.nals & relat$ s}vice provid}s ) public $uc,n 
  mat}ials reg>d+ id5tific,n & ref}ral ( *n ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? 
  ) multiple 4abilities4
#b4 ,"w ) e>ly *ildhood $uc,n 9t}v5;n coord9ators )9 ea* /ate 6develop 
  e6ective ref}ral sy/ems4

  ,goal #b
  ,policies & proc$ures w 2 imple;t$ 65sure ! "r ( all p>5ts 6full 
"picip,n & equal "pn}%ip 9 ! $uc,n process4

,recomm5d$ ,n,nal ,/rategies
#a4 ,e/abli% )9 ! ,n,nal ,associ,n = ,p>5ts (! ,visu,y ,impair$ 
  7,,napvi7 an advisory -mittee1 specific 6! unique ne$s ( /ud5ts ) 
  visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities1 6promote 9cr1s$ 
  collabor,n am;g p>5ts1 profes.nals & gov}n;t ag5cies4
#b4 ,e/abli% p>5t/t1*} tra9+ c5t}7s7 ) emphasis on p>5t-to-p>5t 
  m5tor+1 p>5t-profes.nal dialogue & res|rce develop;t4
#c4 ,cr1te & 4sem9ate an >ray ( $uc,nal res|rces = p>5ts : 9cludes 
  am;g o!rs ! foll{+3
--,9=m,n on ! full >ray ( $uc,nal op;ns1
--,n,nal ,|tcome ,/&>ds1
--,explan,n (! ,9dividual ,$uc,n ,plan 7,,iep7 process1 9clud+ sample 
  ,,iep's = /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4
#d4 ,develop "pn}%ips am;g /ud5ts1 p>5ts1 $ucators & adm9i/rators : 
  5sure -munic,n1 mutual respect &! provi.n ( $uc,nal s}vices )9 a 
  *-c5t}$ climate4
#e4 ,5c|rage all p}sonnel prep>,n programs &! ,associ,n = ,$uc,n & 
  ,rehabilit,n (! ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$ 7,,aer7 n,nal c}tific,n 
  programs 6adopt -pet5cies & /&>ds relat+ 6p>5ts ( /ud5ts ) visual 
  impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4
,recomm5d$ ,,regional1 ,,/ate &/or ,,local ,/rategies
#a4 ,e/abli% p>5t advisory bo>ds at /ate & local levels specific 6! 
  ne$s ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4
#b4 ,4sem9ate ! >ray ( $uc,nal res|rces = p>5ts develop$ "? ,n,nal 
  ,/rategy #c abv at regional1 /ate & local levels4
#c4 ,develop /ate & local m5tor+ programs t l9k exp}i;ed p>5ts ) 
  families ( newly diagnos$ *n :o h visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) 
  multiple 4abilities4
#d4 ,3duct family-c5t}$ 3f};es1 9volv+ m$ical z well z $uc,n 
  profes.nals1 : focus on advocacy relat$ 6develop;tal & $uc,nal ne$s ( 
  /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4
#e4 ,draft & facilitate passage ( legisl,n t wd require ,local ,$uc,n 
  ,ag5cies 7,,l1's7 6collect1 docu;t & publi% data reflect+ p>5ts' 
  satisfac;n levels )! ,,iep process & $uc,nal s}vices t impact ~u ! 
  ,,l1's0' -pli.e ) /ate & f$}al laws4

  ,goal #c
  ,univ}sities1 )a m9imum ( "o full-"t faculty memb} 9 ! >ea ( visual 
impair;t1 w prep>e a su6ici5t numb} ( $ucators ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 
6meet p}sonnel ne$s "?|t ! c.try4

,recomm5d$ ,,n,nal ,/rategies
#a4 ,develop a model ( excell;e = p}sonnel prep>,n4
#b4 ,5c|rage e/abli%;t (a n,nal rese>* c5t} on ! $uc,n ( /ud5ts ) visual 
  impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4
#c4 ,develop a collaborative n,nal recruit;t program 9 3junc;n )! 
  ,associ,n = ,$uc,n & ,rehabilit,n (! ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$ 7,,aer74
#d4 ,5c|rage all univ}s;y p}sonnel prep>,n programs 9 ! >ea ( $uc,n ( 
  /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 6imple;t n,nal /&>ds4
#e4 ,det}m9e ! numb} ( t1*}s ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts z well z 
  ori5t,n & mobil;y speciali/s :o graduate f univ}s;y prep>,n programs 9 
  

  #aiie4 ,5sure t ! numb} :o w graduate 9 ! ye> #bjjj is ! same or grt} 
  ?an ! numb} = #aiie4
,recomm5d$ ,,regional1 ,,/ate &/or ,,local ,/rategies
#a4 ,5c|rage collaborative plann+ am;g special $uc,n adm9i/rators & 
  p}sonnel prep>,n programs 6e/abli% & provide profes.nal develop;t 
  programs4
#b4 ,develop1 9 3junc;n ) /ate de"p;ts ( $uc,n1 a3urate c.ts (! numb} ( 
  /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities s}v$ 9 ea* 
  /ate4
#c4 ,e/abli% sy/ems ( c>e} l1d}%ip op;ns t 9corporate1 am;g o!r 
  categories1 m5tors1 ma/} t1*}s1 ma/} ori5t,n & mobil;y 7,o&,m7 
  speciali/s1 & t1*}s-z-rese>*}s4
#d4 ,facilitate a m1ns = a*iev+ reciproc;y ( t1*} cr$5tial+ am;g all 
  /ates4
#e4 ,id5tify 9c5tives 0: s*ool 4tricts c 2 5c|rag$ 65sure t t1*}s ) 
  8em}g5cy cr$5tials0 2come appropriately cr$5tial$ 9 ! >ea ( $uc,n = 
  /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4

  ,goal #d
  ,s}vice provid}s w det}m9e caseloads bas$ on ! ne$s ( /ud5ts & w require 
ongo+ profes.nal develop;t = all t1*}s & ori5t,n & mobil;y 9/ructors4

,recomm5d$ ,,n,nal ,/rategies
#a4 ,develop & 4sem9ate a posi;n pap} : makes a cle> & unequivocal 
  /ate;t ab appropriate caseloads = t1*}s ( visu,y impair$ /ud5ts & 
  ori5t,n & mobil;y 7,o&,m7 speciali/s & : is 5dors$ 0p>5t1 3sum} & 
  profes.nal organiz,ns4
#b4 ,id5tify & publicize approa*es 6s}vice deliv}y op;ns : >e bo? 
  9novative & meet ! $uc,nal ne$s ( /ud5ts :o h visual impair;ts 9clud+ 
  ~? ) multiple 4abilities4
#c4 ,develop a sy/em = *-c5t}$ caseload analysis1 popul,n analysis & 
  job descrip;ns = t1*}s ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts & ,o&,m speciali/s 
  9 v>i|s s}vice deliv}y models4
#d4 ,develop an 9=m,n base reg>d+ tra9+ programs & models ( on-go+ 
  profes.nal develop;t : 9clude1 b >e n limit$ to3
--,support gr|ps1
--,9dep5d5t /udy1
--,4t.e $uc,n1
--,m5tor+ programs1
--,data bases4
#e4 ,4sem9ate 9=m,n 6practic+ t1*}s & _! employ}s reg>d+ ! import.e (& 
  ne$ = ongo+ profes.nal develop;t4

,recomm5d$ ,,regional1 ,,/ate &/or ,,local ,/rategies
#a4 ,promote ! use ( data obta9$ "? imple;t,n ( ,n,nal ,/rategy #c abv 
  6assi/ ,local ,$uc,n ,ag5cies 7,,l1's7 6e/abli% guidel9es = det}m9+ 
  appropriate size & -posi;n ( /ud5t caseloads4
#b4 ,5c|rage /ate de"p;ts ( $uc,n 69clude guidel9es = det}m9+ 
  appropriate caseload size & -posi;n 9 /ate special $uc,n plans4
#c4 ,provide data on v>i|s s}vice deliv}y models t w assi/ ,,l1's 9 
  develop+ & imple;t+ appropriate program op;ns4
#d4 ,develop me*anisms 65c|rage 9volve;t ( t1*}s & ,o&,m speciali/s z 
  rese>*}s 6a4ress issues relat+ 6ongo+ profes.nal develop;t4
#e4 ,imple;t models = meet+ profes.nal develop;t ne$s & develop+ 
  cr1tive cr$5tial+ programs ) support f profes.nal organiz,ns1 direct 
  s}vice provid}s & p}sonnel prep>,n programs4

  ,goal #e
  ,local $uc,n programs w 5sure t all /ud5ts h a3ess 6a full >ray ( 
place;t op;ns4


,recomm5d$ ,,n,nal ,/rategies
#a4 ,5c|rage ! ,u4,s4 ,(fice ( ,special ,$uc,n ,programs 7,,oseps7 
  6bo? adopt ! policy /ate;t 5titl$ 8,policy ,guid.e on ! ,$uc,n ( ,bl 
  or ,visu,y ,impair$ ,/ud5ts0 & promote xs imple;t,n n,n,y am;g ! 
  foll{+3
--,/ate de"p;ts ( $uc,n1
--,profes.nal organiz,ns1
--,p>5t organiz,ns1
--,3sum} organiz,ns1
--,o!r relat$ s}vice organiz,ns s* z ,ea/} ,s1ls & ,lions ,clubs4
#b4 ,develop ongo+ rel,n%ips )! abv organiz,ns & o!rs z appropriate =! 
  purpose ( promot+ advocacy =a full >ray ( place;t op;ns4
#c4 ,3duct public $uc,n campaigns : illu/rate p}sonal su3ess /ories 
  acr all -pon5ts (! $uc,nal place;t >ray4
#d4 ,develop an 9=m,n package a4ress$ 6adm9i/rators ( regul> & special 
  $uc,n programs & p>5ts : 9cludes b is n limit$ to3
--,all relevant ,,oseps policy /ate;ts1
--,all relevant posi;n pap}s on full >ray ( place;t op;ns1
--,descrip;ns ( ea* place;t op;n )9 ! >ray1
--,compreh5sive legal briefs t>get$ 6,9dividual ,$uc,n ,plan 7,,iep7 
  t1ms & p>5ts a4ress+ place;t 9 ! ,l1/ ,re/rictive ,5viron;t 7,,lre71
--,descrip;ns ( p>5ts' "rs & due process4

,recomm5d$ ,,regional1 ,,/ate &/or ,,local ,/rategies
#a4 ,4sem9ate all relevant ,,oseps policy /ate;ts 6/ate & local 
  organiz,ns & 9dividuals 3c}n$ )! $uc,n ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 
  9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4
#b4 ,provide 9s}vice tra9+ = 9dividuals 9volv$ 9 mak+ program & 
  place;t deci.ns reg>d+ /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 
  4abilities4 ,? %d 9clude b n 2 limit$ 6! foll{+3
--,9=m,n ab ea* (! s}vice deliv}y models 9clud$ 9 a full >ray ( 
  place;t op;ns1
--,/rategies = applic,n ( ? k z x relates 6deci.ns reg>d+ place;ts4

  ,goal #f
  ,assess;t ( /ud5ts w 2 3duct$1 9 collabor,n ) p>5ts1 0p}sonnel hav+ 
exp}tise 9 ! $uc,n ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts4

,recomm5d$ ,,n,nal ,/rategies
#a4 ,us+ ! core curriculum = /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) 
  multiple 4abilities 7ref} 6,n,nal ,ag5da ,goal #h71 develop & 4tribute 
  guidel9es = selec;n & adm9i/r,n ( assess;t 9/ru;ts & 9t}pret,n ( _! 
  results4
#b4 ,e/abli% a n,nal res|rce bank on assess;t ( /ud5ts ) visual 
  impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities t wd3
--,compile a bibliography ( res|rces1 >ticles1 books & tools a4ress+ 
  assess;t issues1
--,id5tify exempl>y assess;t models & -pon5ts & 4sem9ate 9=m,n 
  describ+ !m1
--,e/abli% a n,nal li/+ ( profes.nals & p>5ts ) exp}tise 9 assess;t :o 
  >e availa# 6provide 3sult,n & tra9+4
#c4 ,develop assess;t t1m tra9+ curricula = $ucators & relat$ s}vice 
  provid}s :o assess *n & y|?s ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 
  4abilities & 4sem9ate by3
--,3duct+ "w%ops us+ ! curricula at 3f};es (! appropriate profes.nals 
  & relat$ s}vice provid}s1
--,produc+ tra9+ videos = t>get$ audi;es demon/rat+ an |tcome-bas$ 
  -preh5sive assess;t4
#d4 ,provide res|rces & 9=m,n 6p}sonnel prep>,n programs 9 relat$ 
  s}vice >1s design$ 6facilitate & 5c|rage ! use ( transdiscipl9>y 
  assess;ts4

#e4 ,5c|rage ! wide-spr1d 4sem9,n & applic,n (! ,c|ncil = ,excep;nal 
  ,*n/,divi.n = ,visu,y ,h&icapp$ 7,,cec/,,dvh7 posi;n pap} on assess;t 
  ( *n & y|?s ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4

,recomm5d$ ,,regional1 ,,/ate &/or ,,local ,/rategies
#a4 ,"w "? /ate $uc,n ag5cies 6develop policies 65sure "picip,n (a 
  t1*} ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts &1 z w>rant$1 an ori5t,n & mobil;y 
  speciali/ 9 assess;ts ( all /ud5ts ) diagnos$ or suspect$ visual 
  impair;ts4
#b4 ,apply ! assess;t t1m tra9+ curricula develop$ "? ,n,nal ,/rategy 
  #c abv at regional1 /ate & local 3f};es ( $ucators & provid}s ( relat$ 
  s}vices4
#c4 ,write & 4tribute 6develop}s ( /&>diz$ /ate-adopt$ te/+ programs 
  guidel9es = a4ress+ ! ne$s ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) 
  multiple 4abilities4

  ,goal #g
  ,a3ess 6develop;tal & $uc,nal s}vices w 9clude an assur.e t 9/ruc;nal 
mat}ials >e availa# 6/ud5ts 9 ! appropriate m$ia & at ! same "t z _! si<t$ 
pe}s4

,recomm5d$ ,,n,nal ,/rategies
#a4 ,report 6! field ! curr5t /atus ( produc;n & acquisi;n ( mat}ials 
  9 specializ$ =mats & m$ia appropriate = meet+ develop;tal & $uc,nal 
  ne$s ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4
#b4 ,"w t{>d e/abli%;t (a n,nal repository ( publi%} electronic files 
  = produc;n ( textbooks 9 brl & o!r specializ$ =mats4
#c4 ,ga9 passage ( legisl,n at all levels : 5sures "tly a3ess 6$uc,nal 
  mat}ials 9 appropriate =mats = all /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts4
#d4 ,secure "tly copy"r p}mis.n = produc;n ( l>ge type & brl mat}ials 
  "? s* ef=ts z3
--,advocat+ = revi.ns z appropriate (! ,n,nal ,copy"r ,act1
--,5c|rag+ /ipul,ns reg>d+ copy"r p}mis.n 9 au?or-publi%} 3tracts1
--,negotiat+ ) publi%}s 65sure t a3essibil;y ne$s ( visu,y impair$ 
  /ud5ts >e provid$ = :5 produc+ multi-m$ia $uc,nal mat}ials4
#e4 ,develop & 4sem9ate -preh5sive guidel9es 65sure qual;y 3trol 9 ! 
  produc;n ( $uc,nal mat}ials 9 specializ$ =mats 9clud+ m1n+;l tactile 
  graphics4
#f4 ,"w ) t1*}s & o!r direct s}vice provid}s 65sure t a3ess 6pr9t1 us+ 
  optical devices z appropriate1 is 9clud$ 9 all 3sid},ns ( appropriate 
  m$ia = /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4

,recomm5d$ ,,regional1 ,,/ate &/or ,,local ,/rategies
#a4 ,assi/ /ate & local $uc,n ag5cies 69cr1se produc;n & "tly 4tribu;n 
  ( $uc,nal mat}ials 9 specializ$ =mats s* z brl1 record$1 l>ge-pr9t & 
  electronic4
#b4 ,5c|rage /ate & local $uc,n ag5cies 65sure t vi.n specific ne$s >e 
  a4ress$ 9 ! selec;n/adop;n processes = textbooks & o!r $uc,nal 
  mat}ials4
#c4 ,provide 9=m,n & mat}ials 6assi/ ) tra9+ or profes.nal develop;t ( 
  s}vice provid}s :o m/ id5tify &/or modify $uc,nal mat}ials 6meet ne$s 
  ( visu,y impair$ /ud5ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4
#d4 ,"w ) /ate de"p;ts ( $uc,n & o!r ag5cies z appropriate 65sure t 
  -put} h>dw>e & s(tw>e procur$ = 9/ruc;nal use >e a3essi# 6visu,y 
  impair$ /ud5ts4

  ,goal #h
  ,$uc,nal & develop;tal goals1 9clud+ 9/ruc;n1 w reflect ! assess$ ne$s ( 
ea* /ud5t 9 all >1s ( academic & 4abil;y-specific core curricula4

,recomm5d$ ,,n,nal ,/rategies

#a4 ,cle>ly def9e1 develop & 4sem9ate ! 4abil;y-specific core curriculum 
  >1s = /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4
#b4 ,evaluate & catalog curricul> guides & make !m availa# = 4sem9,n 
  al;g ) model goals : >e 4abil;y-specific & appropriately writt5 = 9clu.n 
  9 ,9dividual ,$uc,n ,plans 7,,iep's74
#c4 ,write core curricul> 3t5t = 4abil;y-specific >1s z ne$$4
#d4 ,make annotat$ bibliographies availa# ei 9 h>d copy or "? electronic 
  m1ns 6profes.nals & p>5ts4
#e4 ,"w 6obta9 =mal adop;n (! 4abil;y-specific core curriculum 0n,nal 
  organiz,ns ( profes.nals & o!rs4
#f4 ,"w 65sure t p}sonnel prep>,n & profes.nal develop;t programs adopt 
  & t1* ! use (! 4abil;y-specific core curriculum4

,recomm5d$ ,,regional1 ,,/ate &/or ,,local ,/rategies
#a4 ,id5tify & pres5t 6t>get audi;es1 i4e4 /ud5ts1 p>5ts1 local educ;n 
  ag5cies & o!rs1 k (! 4abil;y-specific core curriculum4
#b4 ,3d5se & rewrite "o-page descrip;ns (! core curriculum = ea* 3/itu5t 
  audi;e4
#c4 ,organize aw>e;s mat}ials 6be us$ at meet+s ( ea* 3/itu5t audi;e4
#d4 ,$ucate ~? responsi# = writ+ ,,iep goals 65sure t goals & objectives 
  >e bas$ on assess;t data relat$ 6! core curriculum4
#e4 ,collaborate ) univ}sities & adult s}vice ag5cies 65sure t programs 
  s}v+ /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities >e 
  appropriately prep>+ !m = _! futures4
                                     
                       ,a*ieve;t (! ,goal ,/ate;ts

  ,! _m 9dividuals 9volv$ 9 ! process ( id5tify+ & develop+ ! goals put =? 
9 ..,! ,n,nal ,ag5da =! ,$uc,n ( ,*n & ,y|?s ) ,visual ,impair;ts1 ,9clud+ 
,~? ) ,multiple .,4abilities 2lieve ea* goal c 2 a*iev$ 0! ye> #bjjj4 ,!y 
fur!r 2lieve ! imple;t,n (! /rategies del91t$ = ea* goal1 & o!r /rategies 
: w em}ge1 w facilitate a*ieve;t ( ~! goals4 ,at ! "t ? docu;t w5t 6press1 
"o hundr$ tw5ty-f|r organiz,ns & ag5cies (&= p}sons ) visual impair;ts _h 
5dors$ ! goals /at$ 9 ? ,n,nal ,ag5da4 ,"! is agree;t t ? ,ag5da is z x %d 
be1 & t x is ne$$4 ,likewise1 "! is a -mit;t 6"w t{>d a*ieve;t ( ~! goals 
0! turn (! c5tury4
  ,! task 2f u is a *all5ge & an 9vit,n4 ,x is an 9vit,n 6"ey"o 3c}n$ =! 
$uc,n ( /ud5ts ) visual impair;ts1 9clud+ ~? ) multiple 4abilities4 
,cle>ly1 z we proce$ 6imple;t ! id5tifi$ /rategies1 a4i;nal tactics = 
a*iev+ ! goals w 2 id5tifi$4 ,6avoid 2+ div}t$1 we w ne$ 6focus judici|sly 
on ! e/abli%$ goals4
  ,! "t 6act is n{4 ,! *>ge 6! ,n,nal ,goal ,l1d}s 7,,ngl's7 & ,n,nal 
,ag5da ,advisory ,bo>d is impos+4 ,x is |r *>ge1 z well4 ,we m/ "w 9 
"pn}%ip ) !m1 /ud5ts1 p>5ts1 s*ool adm9i/rators1 legislators1 t1*}s1 
ori5t,n & mobil;y speciali/s1 psy*ologi/s1 h1l? c>e manage;t p}sonnel1 & 
?|s&s ( o!rs 9volv$ 9 ! lives & provi.n ( $uc,nal s}vices = /ud5ts :o >e 
visu,y impair$4 ,we m/ 3tact ! ,,ngl's ) (f}s ( |r "t1 tal5ts1 exp}tise & 
5}gy4 ,at n,nal1 /ate & local levels1 & 9 e s}vice-deliv}y >5a we c use |r 
9flu;e 6g5}ate support = ? vital n,nal 5d1vor4
  ,! plan is 9 place & has be5 set 9 mo;n4 ,? ,n,nal ,ag5da has be5 
id5tifi$ 0u & c only 2 a*iev$ 0u4 ,! next /ep is ac;n4
                                     
                       ,n,nal ,ag5da ,/e}+ ,-mittee

,dr4 ,anne ,l4 ,corn1 .,-mittee .,*air
,professor ( ,special ,$uc,n
,p1body ,college1 ,v&}bilt ,univ}s;y
,na%ville1 ;,,tn
,dr4 ,phil ,hatl5
,sup}9t5d5t
,texas ,s*ool =! ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$1 ,au/91 ,,tx

,dr4 ,ka?le5 ,m4 ,huebn}
,director
,graduate ,programs 9 ,$uc,n & ,rehabilit,n ,9/itute =! ,visu,y 
  ,impair$
,p5nsylvania ,college ( ,optometry1 ,philadelphia1 ,,pa
,frank ,ryan
,n,nal ,program ,associate 9 ,$uc,n
,am}ican ,f.d,n =! ,bl
,san ,francisco1 ,,ca
,m>y ,ann ,sill}
,n,nal ,program ,associate 9 ,$uc,n
,am}ican ,f.d,n =! ,bl
,dallas1 ,,tx
                                     
                      ,n,nal ,ag5da ,advisory ,bo>d

  ,! ,advisory ,bo>d is -pos$ ( visu,y impair$ p}sons1 p>5ts1 & 
profes.nals4

,kate ,aldri*
,n,nal ,associ,n = ,p>5ts (! ,visu,y ,impair$
,santa ,rosa1 ,,ca
,dr4 ,joy ,efron1 .,coord9at+ .,pr9cipal
,program = ,visu,y ,impair$ ,/ud5ts
,los ,angeles ,unifi$ ,s*ool ,4trict1 ,los ,angeles1 ,,ca
,w>r5 ,figueir$o1 .,res|rce .,speciali/
,brl & ,te*nology ,c5t}
,l|isiana ,s*ool =! ,visu,y ,impair$1 ,baton ,r|ge1 ,,la
,m>y ,nell ,mc,l5nan1 .,director
,$uc,n & ,advisory ,s}vices
,am}ican ,pr9t+ ,h|se =! ,bl
,l|isville1 ,,ky
,sue ,melrose1 .,-put} .,a3ess .,3sultant
,new ,b}l91 ,,wi
,h}b ,mill}1 .,sup}9t5d5t
,/4 ,joseph's ,s*ool =! ,bl
,j}sey ,c;y1 ,,nj
,kev9 ,o',3nor1 .,presid5t
,n,nal ,associ,n = ,p>5ts (! ,visu,y ,impair$
,haw?orne ,woods1 ,,il
,jay ,/iteley1 .,field .,s}vices .,repres5tative
,! ,see+ ,eye1 ,9c4
,morrist{n1 ,,nj
,donna ,/ryk}
,n,nal ,associ,n = ,p>5ts (! ,visu,y ,impair$
,las ,cruces1 ,,nm
,dr4 ,k>5 ,wol6e
,c>e} ,c|nsel+ & ,3sult,n
,man*aca1 ,,tx
                                     
                           ,n,nal ,goal ,l1d}s

,goal #a3 ,ref}ral
.,n,nal .,goal .,l1d}3 ,f.d,n = ,bl ,*n
#abce ,ea/ ,h>mont ,drive
,phoenix1 ,,az #hejbj
7#fjb7 #cca-adgj
,3tact3 ,*ris ,tompk9s
,goal #b3 ,p>5t ,"picip,n
.,n,nal .,goal .,l1d}3 ,n,nal ,associ,n = ,p>5ts (! ,visu,y ,impair$ 
  7,,napvi7

,p4,o4 ,box #cag
,wat}t{n1 ,,ma #jbbgb-jcag
7#fag7 #igb-gdda
,3tact3 ,susan ,la,v5ture
,goal #c3 ,p}sonnel ,prep>,n
.,n,nal .,goal .,l1d}3 ,divi.n #ag1 ,associ,n = ,$uc,n & ,rehabilit,n 
  (! ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$ 7,,aer7
c/o ,univ}s;y ( ,nor!rn ,colorado1 ,divi.n ( ,special ,$uc,n
,greeley1 ,,co #hjfci
7#cjc7 #cea-bfia
,3tact3 ,dr4 ,kay ,f}rell
,goal #d3 ,provi.n ( ,$uc,nal ,s}vices
.,n,nal .,goal .,l1d}3 ,associ,n ( ,/ate ,$uc,n ,3sultants =! ,visu,y 
  ,impair$
c/o ,9diana ,de"p;t ( ,$uc,n1 ,divi.n ( ,special ,$uc,n
,room #bbi1 ,/ate ,h|se
,9dianapolis1 ,,9 #dfbjd
7#cag7 #bcb-jegj
,3tact ,p}son3 ,%>on ,kno?
,goal #e3 ,>ray ( ,s}vices
.,n,nal .,goal .,l1d}3 ,c|ncil ( ,s*ools =! ,bl
c/o ,9diana ,s*ool =! ,bl #ggbe
,nor? ,college ,av5ue
,9dianapolis1 ,,9 #dfbdj
7#cag7 #bec-adha
,3tact3 ,dr4 ,mi*ael ,b9a
,goal #f3 ,assess;t
.,n,nal .,goal .,l1d}3 ,! ,n,nal ,c5t} = ,vi.n & ,* ,develop;t1 ,! 
  ,li<th|se1 ,9c4
#aaa ,ea/ #ei? ,/reet
,new ,york1 ,,ny #ajjbb
7#bab7 #hba-ibjj
,3tact3 ,dr4 ,m>y ,ann ,lang
,goal #g3 ,a3ess 6,9/ruc;nal ,mat}ials
.,n,nal .,goal .,l1d}3 ,associ,n ( ,9/ruc;nal ,res|rce ,c5t}s =! 
  ,visu,y ,impair$
c/o ,florida ,9/ruc;nal ,mat}ials ,c5t}
#ejjb ,nor? ,lois ,av5ue
,tampa1 ,,fl #ccfad
7#hac7 #hgb-ebha
,3tact3 ,suzanne ,dalton
,goal #h3 ,core ,curriculum
.,n,nal .,goal .,l1d}3 ,texas ,s*ool =! ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$
#aajj ,we/ #de? ,/reet
,au/91 ,,tx #ghgef
7#eab7 #ded-hfca
,3tact3 ,dr4 ,phil ,hatl5
                                     
                                ,5dorse;ts

  ,! organiz,ns li/$ 2l h 5dors$ ! ,n,nal ,ag5da 0sign+ ! foll{+ /ate;t3
  8,7,"n ( organiz,n7' 5dorses ! ,n,nal ,ag5da =! ,$uc,n ( ,*n & ,y|?s ) 
,visual ,impair;ts1 ,9clud+ ,~? ) ,multiple ,4abilities4 ,|r organiz,n w 
5d1vor 6"w t{>d a*iev+ xs goals )9 ! 3text ( |r profes.nal associ,ns ) *n 
& y|?s ) visual impair;ts & _! families40

.,n,nal .,organiz,ns
,am}ican ,c|ncil (! ,bl
,am}ican ,f.d,n =! ,bl
,am}ican ,pr9t+ ,h|se =! ,bl
,associ,n = ,$uc,n & ,rehabilit,n (! ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$

,bl ,*n's ,fund
,*oices = ,*n
,c|ncil = ,excep;nal ,*n
,delta ,gamma ,f.d,n
,descriptive ,video ,s}vice
,_hley ,s*ool =! ,bl
,hel5 ,kell} ,n,nal ,c5t} = ,d1f-,bl ,y|?s & ,adults
,lions ,_w ,s}vices =! ,bl
,n,nal ,a3r$it,n ,c|ncil = ,ag5cies ,s}v+ ! ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$
,n,nal ,associ,n = ,p>5ts (! ,visu,y ,impair$
,n,nal ,9du/ries =! ,bl
,n,nal ,m>fan ,f.d,n
,n,nal ,organiz,n = ,alb9ism & ,hypopig;tatio
,rehabilit,n ,rese>* & ,tra9+ ,c5t} on ,bl;s & ,l{ ,vi.n

.,specializ$ .,s*ools
,alabama ,9/itute = ,d1f & ,bl
,>izona ,/ate ,s*ools =! ,d1f &! ,bl
,cali=nia ,s*ool =! ,bl
,colorado ,s*ool =! ,d1f &! ,bl
,florida ,s*ool =! ,d1f &! ,bl
,georgia ,academy =! ,bl
,idaho ,s*ool =! ,d1f &! ,bl
,ill9ois ,s*ool =! ,visu,y ,impair$
,9diana ,s*ool =! ,bl
,i{a ,brl & ,si<t ,sav+ ,s*ool
,kansas ,/ate ,s*ool =! ,bl
,lavelle ,s*ool =! ,bl1 ,new ,york
,l|isiana ,s*ool =! ,visu,y ,impair$
,m>yl& ,s*ool =! ,bl
,mi*igan ,s*ool =! ,bl
,mississippi ,s*ool =! ,bl
,miss|ri ,s*ool =! ,bl
,nebraska ,s*ool =! ,visu,y ,h&icapp$
,new ,york ,9/itute = ,special ,$uc,n
,ohio ,/ate ,s*ool =! ,bl
,ov}brook ,s*ool =! ,bl1 ,p5nsylvania
,p>kview ,s*ool1 ,oklahoma
,p}k9s ,s*ool =! ,bl1 ,massa*usetts
,s|? ,c>ol9a ,s*ool =! ,d1f &! ,bl
,sa9t ,joseph's ,s*ool =! ,bl1 ,new ,j}sey
,t5;see ,s*ool =! ,bl
,texas ,s*ool =! ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$
,utah ,s*ools =! ,d1f &! ,bl
,virg9ia ,s*ool =! ,d1f &! ,bl1 ,hampton
,virg9ia ,s*ool =! ,d1f &! ,bl1 ,/aunton
,wa%+ton ,/ate ,s*ool =! ,bl
,we/ ,virg9ia ,s*ools =! ,d1f &! ,bl
,we/}n ,p5nsylvania ,s*ool = ,bl ,*n
,wiscons9 ,s*ool =! ,visu,y ,h&icapp$

..,multis}vice ,private & ,/ate .,ag5cies
,an*or ,c5t} = ,bl ,*n1 ,d5v}1 ,,co
,bl ,associ,n ( ,we/}n ,new ,york ,visu,y ,impair$ ,pres*ool1 ,amh}/1 
  ,,ny
,bl ,babies ,f.d,n1 ,san ,francisco1 ,,ca
,bl ,*ns ,c5t}1 ,los ,angeles1 ,,ca
,bl ,*n's ,le>n+ ,c5t}1 ,santa ,ana1 ,,ca
,c5t} = ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$ ,*n1 ,milwaukee1 ,,wi
,c5t} =! ,visu,y ,impair$1 ,atlanta1 ,,ga
,*icago ,li<th|se = ,p ,:o ,>e ,bl or ,visu,y ,impair$1 ,*icago1 ,,il

,*n's ,c5t} =! ,visu,y ,impair$1 ,kansas ,c;y1 ,,mo
,crot*$ ,m.ta9 ,rehabilit,n ,c5t}1 ,gre5field1 ,,nh
,dallas ,s}vices = ,visu,y ,impair$ ,*n1 ,dallas1 ,,tx
,delco ,bl/,si<t ,c5t}1 ,*e/}1 ,,pa
,delta ,gamma ,c5t} = ,*n ) ,visual ,impair;ts1 ,/4 ,l|is1 ,,mo
,f.d,n = ,bl ,*n1 ,phoenix1 ,,az
,f.d,n =! ,junior ,bl1 ,los ,angeles1 ,,ca
,grt} ,pittsbur< ,guild =! ,bl1 ,pittsbur<1 ,,pa
,hel5 ,kell} ,s}vices =! ,bl1 ,brooklyn1 ,,ny
,jewi% ,guild =! ,bl1 ,new ,york1 ,,ny
,! ,li<th|se1 ,9c41 ,new ,york1 ,,ny
,liv+ ,skills ,c5t} =! ,visu,y ,h&icapp$1 ,san ,pablo1 ,,ca
,p5n,te*1 ,p5nsylvania ,de"p;t ( ,$uc,n1 ,h>risburg1 ,,pa
,! ,rehabilit,n ,c5t}1 ,new ,hav51 ,,ct
,s|!rn ,a3ess1 ,9c41 ,m>ietta1 ,,ga
,vi.n ,associates1 ,orl&o1 ,,fl
,vi.n ,5ri*;t ,s}vices1 ,gr& ,rapids1 ,,mi

..,local ,$uc,n ,ag5cy .,programs
,ca?olic ,*>ities ,ma9e/,$uc,n ,s}vices = ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$1 
  ,augu/a1 ,,me
,*>le/on ,c.ty ,s*ool ,4trict1 ,*>le/on1 ,,sc
,columbia ,regional ,program3 ,vi.n ,s}vices1 ,portl&1 ,,or
,de,kalb ,c.ty ,s*ools1 ,visu,y ,impair$ ,program1 ,atlanta1 ,,ga
,los ,angeles ,unifi$ ,s*ool ,4trict ,program = ,visu,y ,impair$ 
  ,/ud5ts1 ,los ,angeles1 ,,ca
,memphis ,c;y ,s*ools1 ,memphis1 ;,,tn
,new ,york ,c;y ,public ,s*ools1 ,new ,york1 ,,ny
,special ,$uc,n ,s}vice ,ag5cy1 ,an*orage1 ,,ak
,tyl} ,d4,c4 ,vi.n ,program1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4
,visu,y ,impair$ ,/ud5ts ,advisory ,bo>d (! ,vi.n ,s}vices ,c5t}1 
  ,2!sda1 ,,md
,visu,y ,impair$ ,pres*ool ,s}vices1 ,l|isville1 ,,ky

..,/ate ,organiz,ns & ,de"p;ts ( .,$uc,n
,advocates & ,p>5ts ( ,oklahoma's ,si<t ,impair$
,cali=nia ,l{ ,9cid;e ,4abil;y ,advisory ,-mittee
,cali=nia ,transcrib}s & ,$ucators =! ,visu,y ,h&icapp$
,colorado ,de"p;t ( ,$uc,n
,3necticut ,p>5ts' ,associ,n =! ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$
,florida ,de"p;t ( ,$uc,n1 ,divi.n ( ,bl ,s}vices
,ho',opono ,s}vices =! ,bl1 ,hawaii ,de"p;t ( ,human ,s}vices
,i{a ,bur1u ( ,special ,$uc,n
,ma9e ,/ate ,divi.n =! ,bl & ,visu,y ,impair$
,new ,york ,/ate ,res|rce ,c5t} =! ,visu,y ,impair$
,nor? ,c>ol9a ,de"p;t ( ,public ,9/ruc;n ,excep;nal ,*n's ,support ,t1m
,nor!rn ,cali=nia ,*apt} (! ,associ,n = ,$uc,n & ,rehabilit,n (! ,bl & 
  ,visu,y ,impair$
,t5;see ,/ate ,de"p;t ( ,$uc,n ,texas ,-mis.n =! ,bl ,texas ,$uc,n 
  ,ag5cy

..,p}sonnel ,prep>,n ,programs 9 ,visual ,impair;t at ,colleges & 
  .,univ}sities
,cali=nia ,/ate ,univ}s;y at ,los ,angeles
,dom9ican ,college1 ,new ,york
,florida ,/ate ,univ}s;y
,hunt} ,college1 ,c;y ,univ}s;y ( ,new ,york
,mi*igan ,/ate ,univ}s;y
,nor!rn ,ill9ois ,univ}s;y
,p5nsylvania ,college ( ,optometry
,san ,francisco ,/ate ,univ}s;y

,texas ,te* ,univ}s;y
,univ}s;y ( ,>izona
,univ}s;y ( ,>kansas at ,ll ,rock
,univ}s;y ( ,nor? ,dakota
,univ}s;y ( ,nor!rn ,colorado
,univ}s;y ( ,pittsbur< ,vi.n ,/udies ,program
,univ}s;y ( ,s|? ,c>ol9a
,v&}bilt ,univ}s;y1 ,t5;see
,we/}n ,mi*igan ,univ}s;y

.,l{ .,vi.n .,c5t}s
,c5t} =! ,"pi,y ,si<t$1 ,santa ,monica1 ,,ca
,l{ ,vi.n ,s}vices1 ,utah ,divi.n ( ,/ate ,s}vices =! ,visu,y ,h&icapp$1 
  ,salt ,lake ,c;y1 ,,ut
,sa9t ,m>y ,l{ ,vi.n ,c5t}1 ,l;g ,b1*1 ,,ca

.,o!r
,atlantic ,prov9ces ,special ,$uc,n ,au?or;y ,res|rce ,c5tre =! ,visu,y 
  ,impair$1 ,nova ,scotia1 ,canada

  ,_m 9dividuals1 local *apt}s ( n,nal organiz,ns1 & manufactur}s ( 
assi/ive devices h 5dors$ ! ,n,nal ,ag5da4 ,:ile ~! 5dorse;ts h be5 
ac"kl$g$1 space re/ric;ns preclude li/+ !m 9 ? public,n4
7,,afb ,,press ,,logo7
,am}ican ,f.d,n =! ,bl
#aa ,p5n ,plaza--,suite #cjj
,new ,york1 ,,ny #ajjja